AVELUMAB

Avelumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1), helping to restore anti-tumor immune responses by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. It is classified as an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Indications

Avelumab is indicated for the treatment of: - Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC): Metastatic MCC in adults and pediatric patients ?12 years. - Urothelial carcinoma (UC): Maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic - UC that has not progressed with first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC): In combination with axitinib for advanced RCC in treatment-naïve patients.

Dosage

- Standard dose: 800 mg administered intravenously over 60 minutes every 2 weeks. - Treatment should continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. - Premedication with an antihistamine and acetaminophen is recommended prior to the first 4 infusions.

Contra-Indications

Known severe hypersensitivity to avelumab or any of its excipients.

Special Precautions

- Monitor for immune-mediated adverse reactions, including pneumonitis, hepatitis, colitis, endocrinopathies, and nephritis. - Use with caution in patients with a history of autoimmune disease. - Interrupt or discontinue therapy for severe or life-threatening immune-mediated reactions. - Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Side Effects

- Fatigue - Infusion-related reactions - Nausea - Diarrhea - Rash - Endocrinopathies (e.g., hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency) - Immune-mediated adverse events

Drug Interactions

- No significant drug interaction studies have been conducted. - Caution with immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., corticosteroids), which may affect immune response and efficacy.