Chloroprocaine

Chloroprocaine is a short-acting local anesthetic belonging to the amino ester group. It works by blocking nerve impulse transmission, leading to temporary loss of sensation in the targeted area. Because of its rapid onset and short duration of action, it is commonly used in surgical and obstetric anesthesia.

Indications

- Local and regional anesthesia in minor surgical procedures - Obstetric anesthesia (e.g., epidural during labor and delivery) - Peripheral nerve blocks - Infiltration anesthesia

Dosage

- Infiltration anesthesia: 1–3% solution, dose varies depending on site and extent of procedure - Epidural anesthesia: Usually 2–3% solution; dose adjusted to required level of block - Maximum dose: Should not exceed 11 mg/kg or 800 mg total (without epinephrine) - (Dosage must always be individualized and administered by a qualified professional.)

Contra-Indications

- Known hypersensitivity to chloroprocaine or other ester-type local anesthetics - Severe heart block without pacemaker - Injection into infected or inflamed areas - Patients with a history of allergic reactions to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives

Special Precautions

- Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, hepatic impairment, or reduced plasma cholinesterase activity - Avoid intravascular injection—risk of systemic toxicity - Monitor maternal and fetal health during obstetric use - Emergency resuscitation equipment should always be available during administration

Side Effects

- Local reactions: pain, swelling, redness at injection site - Central nervous system: dizziness, tremors, seizures (with overdose) - Cardiovascular: hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias - Allergic reactions: rash, pruritus, anaphylaxis (rare)

Drug Interactions

- Other local anesthetics (additive toxicity) - Sulfonamides (antagonized effect due to PABA release) - Drugs affecting plasma cholinesterase activity (e.g., anticholinesterase agents)