IOHEXOL
Iohexol is a non-ionic, low-osmolar, iodine-based contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging. It enhances the visibility of blood vessels, organs, and tissues during radiographic procedures such as CT scans, angiography, and myelography by increasing contrast on X-ray–based imaging.- Computed Tomography (CT) scans - Angiography and venography - Urography - Arthrography - Myelography (intrathecal use, specific formulations) - Gastrointestinal imaging (oral/rectal use, diluted)
- Dosage depends on the type of examination, route of administration (intravenous, intra-arterial, intrathecal, oral), patient age, body weight, and renal function. - Adults: Typically varies from low to moderate volumes as per imaging protocol - Pediatrics: Dose adjusted according to body weight and clinical indication Administration should be performed by trained healthcare professionals.
- Known hypersensitivity to iohexol or iodine-based contrast agents - Severe renal impairment (unless clearly necessary) - History of severe contrast-induced reactions - Intrathecal use in the presence of active CNS infection or bleeding
- Assess renal function before administration, especially in elderly, diabetic, or dehydrated patients - Ensure adequate hydration before and after the procedure - Use caution in patients with asthma, thyroid disorders, cardiovascular disease, or multiple myeloma - Monitor patients with a history of contrast allergy closely - Avoid repeated high doses within a short period
- Common: Nausea, vomiting, headache, warmth or flushing - Mild to moderate: Dizziness, rash, itching, injection site pain - Rare but serious: Anaphylactoid reactions, acute kidney injury, seizures, severe hypotension
- Increased risk of nephrotoxicity with nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., NSAIDs, aminoglycosides) - Metformin: Risk of lactic acidosis in patients with impaired renal function—temporary discontinuation may be required - Beta-blockers may reduce response to treatment of allergic reactions
