Trelagliptin

Trelagliptin is a once-weekly oral anti-diabetic medication belonging to the class of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. It helps regulate blood sugar levels by increasing incretin hormone activity, which enhances insulin secretion and decreases glucagon release in a glucose-dependent manner.

Indications

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents, to improve glycemic control when diet and exercise alone are insufficient.

Dosage

- Typical dose: 100 mg orally, once weekly. - Dose adjustments may be required in patients with renal impairment. - Should be taken on the same day each week, with or without food.

Contra-Indications

- Hypersensitivity to Trelagliptin or any of its components - Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Diabetic ketoacidosis

Special Precautions

- Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. - Not recommended in patients with a history of pancreatitis. - Monitor blood glucose regularly. - Safety in pregnancy and lactation has not been well established—use only if clearly needed.

Side Effects

- Common: Headache, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections - Less common: Gastrointestinal discomfort, dizziness, rash - Rare but serious: Pancreatitis, hypersensitivity reactions, severe arthralgia

Drug Interactions

- May interact with insulin or insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas), increasing the risk of hypoglycemia - Concomitant use with other oral anti-diabetic drugs requires dose adjustments - No significant interactions with common CYP substrates reported